Analytical and Empirical Method

How to direct heuristic assessment? 5 Advantages5 Disadvantages6 Empirical Method (Usability Testing)7 What is Usability Testing? 7 How to lead a convenience testing? 7 Advantages of Usability Testing8 Disadvantages of Usability Testing9 Conclusion10 Task 211 Introduction11 Description of the problem11 Description of the difficulties11 Conclusion:14 References:15 Task 1 Introduction There are 4 different ways for the most part to assess client interface.Heuristic Evaluation (heuristically) by simply taking a gander at the interface and condemning as per one’s own view. Intellectual Walkthrough (diagnostic strategy) by some examination system, Pluralistic Walkthroughs (experimentally) by tries different things with preliminary clients, Feature, Consistency & Standards Inspection (automatically),by a customized technique. For this task I have pick the ease of use testing for experimental technique what other place for expository strategy I have pick heuristic strategy. [ 1] Analytical Method (Heuristic ease of use) What is heuristic? Heuristic assessment is a markdown ease of use building technique for snappy, modest, and simple assessment of a UI structure. † [3] In heuristic assessment the ease of use issues secured are viability and effectiveness however don't thought about the fulfillment. Quantitative Data isn't gathered. this technique likewise can be directed remotely additionally can be utilized on any framework. A few evaluators autonomously assess the interface & think of potential convenience issues. It is significant that there be a few of these evaluators and that the assessments be done independently.Nielsen's experience demonstrates that around 5 evaluators for the most part results in about 75% of the general ease of use issues being found. Heuristic Usability Principals Here I will clarify more and have a more critical glance at what condition are expected to assess interfaces. Fundamentally the assessment is simpler t han structure. The standards are the essential focuses that drive structure and drive assessment too. The principals are: 1. Perceivability of framework status The application ought to consistently keep client on target and notable on which area of the application they are.This can stay away from disarray and client can get the data effectively without devouring additional time. 2. Match among framework and this present reality. The connection between two things, much of the time the mapping from advanced world to genuine world. Illustrations and analogies 3. Client control and opportunity User ought to be educated what the framework is doing and is the client progressing nicely, accomplishes it work the manner in which it is assume to work. This can forestall the client to do their action effectively on way without re-trying all once more. The application likewise should bolster fix and redo.The framework ought to affirm with the client before make any move on the application, so c lient can exit promptly from new activities that chance them. 4. Consistency and principles An application ought to have a standard stage show like the evenness of the interface. Is it balanced? (Left-Right, Top-Bottom, Center). This incorporates additionally the wording to get to the application model for route bar. The â€Å"Home† catch ought to be same for all pages. It ought not been changed to other kind of looks (image or textual style) at other page when client access to it. 5.Error anticipation The instant message for mistake counteraction ought to pass on a message to client while they are as of now on the application and dangerous to broken. Client can comprehend what the blunder message is about and forestall the flawed occur before they continue to the following stage. 6. Acknowledgment as opposed to utilized images that cause client to feel straightforwardness to perceive, recall and think what is the utilization of the catch. The shading contrast additionally im pact consideration and center where the client has been investigated on the application. It additionally is to make client more concentration and recollect what they did.User likewise may pass on the shading for pink †¦ it’s a young lady and blue †¦ it’s a kid. This would not influence client memory load. 7. Adaptability and effectiveness of utilization This alludes to the apparent and genuine properties of the â€Å"thing† that decide exactly how the â€Å"thing† could be utilized for new client that never been utilizing that application. The presence of the â€Å"thing† reveals to them how to utilize it. On the off chance that the framework is justifiable, neither master nor unpracticed can without much of a stretch utilize the application. 8. Tasteful and moderate plan The application should show the significant and depiction for the point it is centering on.The application ought not show superfluous data which will just aim the data t raffic on the application. An uncommon thought for guidelines illustrations and configuration are sufficient to make client agreeable when utilizing the application. 9. Help clients perceive, analyze, and recuperate from mistakes The blunder content must not be excessively long or excessively short. It ought to be straightforward and unequivocally sorted out to ensure the client comprehend the broken they have done and they can address the blunder dependent on the arrangement given in the mistake message. 10. Help and documentationThere may be conceivable outcomes that client don’t need any assistance and documentation while or in the wake of utilizing an application, yet there is the odds for client to record the data and get the assistance if there are lost. This ought to be considered to guarantee client get completely get to and fulfilled after leave the application. The application must make the client simple to discover the data they are searching for concentrating on t heir errand and help ought to give the progression they should seek after. How to lead heuristic assessment? Heuristic assessment by Nielson is a technique utilized by specialists to discover convenience issues in interfaces intended for use by public.The heuristic assessment process begins from questions few clients, called evaluators, to finish a lot of pre-modified undertakings normally related with utilizing the interface. As outline fundamentally the assessment will be : * Obtain the administration of 4, 5 or 6 ease of use specialists, questions a lot of pre-customized assignments generally related with utilizing the interface. * Each master will play out an autonomous assessment, answer question identified with interface * Give specialists a heuristics review control, is followed from Nielsen’s ten ease of use standards (Nielsen, Jakob 1994). Gather the individual assessments, which are replied in resulting iterative sketch of the interface for better effortlessness of utilization and noteworthy knowledge.* Bring the specialists together and do a gathering heuristic assessment. (Discretionary) Advantages Quick and generally modest input to fashioners can be given by this technique. Reaction can be acquired right off the bat in the plan procedure. Passing on the right heuristic can help recommend the best remedial measures to fashioners. * Cheaper near to other evaluation technique. * Spontaneous and easy to urge potential evaluators to utilize the technique * No arrangement ahead of time required Formal ease of use preparing isn't required for evaluators. Proficient software engineers and software engineering understudies are utilized in Nielsen and Molich * Can be utilized right off the bat in the development procedure * Quicker rotate time than lab testing Disadvantages Applying heuristics adequately need a decent information and aptitude. Convenience specialists at some point hard to track down and can be expensive. Numerous evaluators are sugg ested and results must be totaled. Minor issues and less significant issues can be identified through these assessments. * Evaluators perhaps simply have the comprehension of ease of use structure standards, however not for ease of use experts.Usability specialists would perceive a larger number of issues than non-specialists, specialists are the individuals who have the ability with the kind of interface being assessed, they can recognized the most issues was by Nielson. * The outcomes from different evaluators must be totaled. This is on the grounds that the evaluator just can identify not many issues, however in the event that the issues consolidated the more exact outcome result they can pick up. * Heuristic assessments just distinguish lesser convenience issues contrast with and other rebate techniques may not recognize the same number of ease of use issues as other ease of use building strategies, for instance, ease of use testing. Complex interfaces may not scale well for heu ristic surveys. Evaluators may not locate the major or difficult issue the interface had if the interfaces are perplexing. * All the issues distinguished may not readily propose answers for the ease of use issues * The evaluators are simply profess to be the client yet they are not the genuine client. * The whole issue distinguished may not be the genuine issue in genuine interface. Observational Method (Usability Testing) What is Usability Testing? We have to utilize convenience testing technique to deliver assignments expertly, proficiently and pleasingly for the client benefit.It is smarter to create a pre-program application to guarantee with the goal that any significant issues can recognize. Ease of use testing should be possible at any phases of the structure procedure. Ease of use testing isn't an option for a human focused plan process and suitable strategies, for example, walkthroughs likewise can be use. Test have or the client who will speak to for convenience testing me eting ought to join in. The participation ought to be at any rate one spectator one designer and one business delegate. Eyewitnesses ought to carefully be in a different perception room.Density of the framework, the quantity of planned clients, and budgetary imperatives ought to be viewed as while doing the meeting. Indeed, even one test meeting is superior to none, yet on the off chance that its more it will in general find most of significant issues. There are two main consideration ought to be viewed as when leading an ease of use testing. The first is to guarantee that the most ideal strategy for testing is utilized. The second significant thought is to guarantee that an iterative methodology is utilized. How to lead an ease of use testing? To get ready for an ease of use test we should recognize delegate tasks.Ideally, these ought to determine

Discovery and Conquest of America was achieved through the heroic acts of great men, is this myth or reality?

Before I examine my remain about this issue, let me first tackle legend. As the definition, Myth (mythos) is a holy story concerning the causes of the world or how the world and the animals in it came to have their current structure. The dynamic creatures in legends are for the most part divine beings and saints. Fantasies frequently are said to happen before written history starts. In saying that a fantasy is a hallowed account, what is implied is that a legend is accepted to be valid by individuals who join strict or profound importance to it. Utilization of the term by researchers doesn't infer that the story is either evident or false.A Myth in mainstream use is something that is broadly accepted to be bogus. This use, which is regularly derogatory, emerged from marking the strict fantasies and convictions of different societies as being off base, however it has spread to cover non-strict convictions too. In view of this use, numerous individuals complain when the strict stories they accept to be genuine are called legends. This utilization is habitually mistaken for fiction, legend, fantasy, old stories, tale, and urban legend, every one of which has an unmistakable significance in academia.If we will talk about legend further, and on the off chance that we will expound this into subtleties, as expressed, it happens before written history starts. So probably, there is no premise or evidence that it truly occurred before. What's more, it is a lot simpler to make a specific case or story since no one have encountered or seen such occasion. What's more, the inventive psyche of journalists/individuals is for sure extremely helpful. Scholars or story creators can give some situation, a pretend story that inevitably, perusers or audience members will guarantee as a genuine article that happens or occurred elsewhere on the planet some place back in time.How numerous legends and stories like this have wandered the world over? Some place even instructed in many sch ools and colleges. What's more, we are on the whole very keen on hearing or tuning in to such stories, in light of the fact that our creative mind is grinding away. At that point we start to ponder, to share it to other people and inevitably, expect to remember as reality. Presently, let’s characterize reality. In regular use, it implies â€Å"the situation as they really exist. † Reality is something that truly occurred or is going on. A large portion of the significant or noteworthy happenings are reported so it will be protected and no one will and can scrutinize its reality or potentially occurrence.Most of it these days are being communicated, broadcast, presented and introduced to the world utilizing correspondence mediums. Presently, let me have my stand. Gallant demonstrations of incredible men can't be guaranteed as fantasy. It is a reality. It is in the history. How might we at any point named some of them and make an anecdote about their fights and their par ticular lives and commitments in the whole nation in the event that we truly don’t have any premise or something to guarantee as their â€Å"walks† during their time? Where did antiquarians get their accounts behind the past events?How essayists of various ages, races inferred their separate reviews and claims on the off chance that they don’t have any examination or premise recorded as a hard copy such things? We can't state that it was just frictional or because of their plentiful and wild minds, however we realize that people are exceptionally educated. What's more, a ton of disclosures around the globe are prominent to all races, that would edify and give individuals the clue or thought of what occurred previously or what individuals in the early years have or experienced before they disappeared in the outside of earth.Heroic acts are not just the demonstration of giving someone’s life for something greater. It isn't generally the demonstration of acc omplishing something extraordinary, it isn't constantly obvious in the unaided eyes. In some cases or there are times that quietness is for sure the demonstration itself of chivalry, obviously it relies upon the circumstance. What's more, bravery isn't estimated on how little or enormous it is, long to the point that activity was finished with adoration and devotion for something beneficial. Let’s have the Philippines as a reasonable model for this issue. We as a whole realize that there was a ton of attack in the previously mentioned country.But there were those extraordinary man who stick out and battle to get the opportunity of their adored nation. To give some examples, there is Jose Rizal who utilized his splendid psyche recorded as a hard copy to stir the core of his kindred Filipinos to battle against Spaniards, Andres Bonifacio, Lapu-Lapu, GOMBURZA (Gomez, Burgos and Zamora) and significantly more. Their demonstrations of chivalry are of various structures and ways. Y et at the same time, they had any kind of effect. In America, there are too extraordinary saints. To name a few, there is John Ordroneauxre who battled the British in 1812; Haym Salomon who was the lender of the progressive war; Col.Leon Dyer who served the nation in the three wars; Major Leopold Blumenberg who was a saint of the common war and much more, in various fields, of various methods for indicating their brave represents the nation with great affection. Moreover, let’s have the investigation of Christopher Columbus, in the event that he and his men don't have any single courageous acts in their lives during their time, they will never find land for regional extension. We as a whole realize that investigation occurred for a considerable length of time as well as of years.And those men spent their lives for such thing regardless of whether they don’t know whether they will be effective or not. Also, yes they made it. October 12, 1492 is surely a period they will always remember, the date they found America. From that point on and up to the present, we as a whole realize that a great deal of men committed their lives for the love of nation. High points and low points go back and forth yet at the same time, America stops. Presently returning to the principle issue of the disclosure and success of America that was accomplished through the chivalrous demonstrations of men as a reality and not as a fantasy, let’s have the presence of Thanksgiving.If there is no single brave act previously, if there is no motivation to be appreciative, so for what reason is that with the goal that America have this Thanksgiving which typically celebrated on the second to the most recent seven day stretch of November? It isn't only for expressing gratitude toward the Almighty God for every one of His gifts and direction for the entire all year however just as for celebrating the entire gallant demonstrations of all people who somehow make America a fruitfu l and bounteous nation in most angle, in all viewpoint. These days, what is America? On the planet, America is the incredible and solid country. Incredible pioneers administered America.Even having some sudden issues and fights, America stays standing. Immaculate and unified. Why? Only on the grounds that, there is those men with great affection who are especially ready to give their lives for the nation without approaching or sitting tight for anything consequently. There is still and consistently those man who are particularly ready to give something, little or huge, unique or not that would have any kind of effect. I surmise that’s the only thing that is important. What's more, that gallant demonstration will consistently be there, until the finish of time. We can never scrutinize that. It is something that occasionally heart could just understand.As to researchers of our occasions that question the issue of chivalrous demonstration of some extraordinary men, perhaps they have their own perspective. Perhaps they have unsatisfied interest, possibly a portion of their inquiries were not obviously replied. It's not possible to satisfy everyone nor to convince them to have faith in something that they truly don’t accept. Possibly they need some verification. Or then again perhaps, they simply needed students of history/scholars to demonstrate their separate work a reality and not simply insignificant a story to tell or something that will get the entire world’s consideration. Individuals are qualified for clutch their own assessment. Let’s simply regard each other’s perspective.

Effects Of Social Media Natural Disaster Relief Support - 275 Words

Effects Of Social Media: Natural Disaster Relief Support (Essay Sample) Content: Effects of Social MediaStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationIntroductionSocial media has become so dominant among the young people especially students. It has become a common practice of todays younger generation. Social media like Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, YouTube offer them a portal of entertainment and communication and the usage have risen exponentially in the recent years. As much as social media has negative effects on the young, it has brought a lot of positive effect for them too.We discuss both the positive and negative effect of social media on the young respectively.Increased teen awarenessAlthough some parents think that social media is not important to their children, it actually does well for them to have the social media account. The same way the adults need to be informed is the same way the teens also need to be aware of the information. Social media allows the teen to follow organization and causes that they believe in even if they feel like an o utcast in the society according to Agrawal (Forbes 2017).Natural disaster relief supportWhen a natural disaster strikes, the social media becomes the vessel to deliver the message. A hashtag is created to help them locate the story from the social internet and offer support to the affected individual. This helps stories that are local to gain attention globally.Marketing exposerMarketing of products has been made easier through the social media. It is the most cost-effective way of reaching the mass amount of consumers.Consumers that support a cause, product or service are more likely to share posts from major corporations and non-profit organizations.News alert distributionWith so much of the global community being nearly constantly connected to social media,delivering news alertson social media channels reaches many people faster. News outlets can share breaking stories, alerts and other important bits of news instantly with their followers. When more people are aware of a situati on, those working to secure locations and ensure the safety of the general public can perform their job duties more efficiently.AddictionThe one common bad effect of social media is addiction the constant checking of Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, or any other social media updates. Experts believe that knowing whats going on with friends and what they are thinking or feeling can be addicting. Researchers at UCLAs Brain Mapping Center according to Raise Smart Kid (2017) has found that being appreciated in social media through likes was seen in brain scans to activate the reward centers of the brain. This reward circuitry is particularly sensitive during adolescence, and this may partly explain why teenagers are more into social media.This addiction to social media could disrupt other worthwhile activities like c...

Production and Operation Management - 657 Words

生ç” ¢Ã¨Ë†â€¡Ã¤ ½Å"æ ¥ ­Ã§ ® ¡Ã§ â€ Ã¦Å"ŸæÅ" «Ã¥   ±Ã¥â€˜Å  Case Study: Hot Spot Plastics Company 0013142é™ ³Ã¥â€œ Ã§ ¿â€ 0013116Ã¥ »â€"å†  Ã¥â‚¬ « 0013148 é‚ ±Ã¨ â€"å‡ ± 0013151 æžâ€"æ ¢â€œÃ¦ ´â€¹ PARTâ…   Company introduction: Hot Shot Plastics Hot Shot Plastics, Inc. filed as an Articles of Incorporation in the State of California and is no longer active. This corporate entity was filed approximately fourteen years ago on Monday, June 05, 2000, according to public records filed with California Secretary of State. Products: Manufactures processed plastics Plastic cutting machinery, Plastic grinding machinery, Rubber or plastic mills, Rubber or plastic extrusion dies, Plastic injection molds, Thermoforming molds, Ejector pins, In mold decoration IMD cylinder, Blow molding machines, Coating machines, Extruders. PARTâ… ¡ Case†¦show more content†¦Solution: Exhibit 1 and 2 shows the XÌ…-chart and R-chart with a plot of all sample means and ranges of the samples. All the points are well within the control limits, although sample 24 is close to the XÌ… lower control limit and samples 17 through 22 are above the target. 3. Twelve additional samples of curetimes data from the molding process were collected from an actual production run. The data from these new samples are shown before. Update your control charts and compare the results with the previous data. The XÌ…- and R-chart are drawn with the new data using the same control limits established before. Comment on what the new charts show. Solution: Exhibit 3 and 4 shows the XÌ…-chart and R-chart with a plot of all (includes previous and new) sample means and ranges of the samples. The previous data shows the curetime during the molding process is stable and under control. In contrast, the additional data is out of control, and considerable fluctuation in the data. In this statistical process control, we set control limits three standard deviations above the mean and three standard deviations below. This mean that 99.7 percent of the sample means are expected to fall within these process control limits. Thus, if one sample falls outside this obviously wide range, we have strong evidence that the process is out of control. The data from new samples show the present process is out of controlShow MoreRelatedProduction And Operations Management : Production Management Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesused in the production/operations subsystem of the organization into value added product/services in a controlled manner as per the policies of the organization, is the definition of Production/operations management. Consequently, it is that part of an organization, this part is involved in the transformation of a range of inputs, like men, material, machines, information and capital, into the required (products/services), with the requisite quality level. 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Sustainable Leadership and Organization

Question: Discuss about theSustainable Leadership and Organization. Answer: Introduction: The organizations need better leadership to ensure they achieve their set objectives in the future. In addition to that, the sustainable leadership is vital as it ensures various changes are made and good management so as to provide quality services to the clients. The leaders should be responsible in all the activities and use their powers to manage the organization as required. The success of the institution highly depends on the leaders who have the mandate to make decisions that will help the organization succeed. The critical decisions they make for the progress of the institution should be respected and adhered to, to ensure the smooth running. Moreover, there should be good flow of communication form the managers to the subordinates. It ensures that the instructions given reach the juniors as intended. The distortion of the information leads to conflicts at the workplace and the employees end up blaming the supervisors for their misconduct. However, the proper communication at the organization ensures that the grievances of the workers are known by the management and taken into consideration. The discussion outlines about the sustainable leadership model that is suitable for healthcare. Sustainable Leadership Model for Healthcare The healthcare institution is highly depended on by the public to cater for their health conditions and ensure that there is continuity of life. The physicians and other specialized professional in the healthcare tasks do a great job in ensuring that the sick individuals are attended. The patients have various illnesses and it is the duty of the doctors to ascertain the type and the required medical treatment. The hospital management ensures that there is an available drug to treat the sick and also admission for the critical conditions that needs from time to time checkup. The leadership at the healthcare organizations determines the type of care the people will get. There are various organizations that leaders are not concerned on the progress of the institution and neglect their duties. The subordinates also view them as their role models and how they carry out their responsibilities. It makes the junior staff members also not perform their assigned tasks in the right manner. They neglect their duties and the sick individuals lack the appropriate medical care they require. It often leads to many peoples health deteriorating and hence many losing their lives in the process. The government of the state has ensured that it budgets the medical funds in the annual country budget for various ministries. The ministry of health is often given the priority as the country cares for the citizens. The better healthcare ensures that the economy of the state is stable as many persons will be healthy and able to perform their tasks. The productivity of the citizens highly depends on the health conditions (Carter et al, 2005). The sustainability of the leadership ensures that there is continuous improvement of the way things are carried out in the healthcare departments. There should be value of the human life and the good conduct of the persons handling the sick. The leaders should handle the duties and responsibilities assigned for the smooth running of the organization. The people are defined by their principles and the commitment they have in carrying out their tasks. A good leader is supposed to be a role model to the subordinates to ensure they also attend their duties as assigned. The behavior of the managers is acquired by the junior staff and at long last the whole institution carries out the tasks in the same way. The good deeds of the management will also reflect to the services being given to the clients. It is highly recommended for the individuals upholding leadership to act responsibly for the smooth running of the organization. It is important to ensure that the corporation does not collaps e and it continues to deliver the quality services to the people. The healthcare institution should be handled well by the responsible leaders who are willing to transform it to the next level. There should be improvement of the services being rendered to the public and how they are carried out. The doctors should also be responsible in treating the sick to ensure they do not diagnose the patients wrongly (Ulrich Smallwood, 2013). The leaders should bring change in the healthcare organization by implementing various changes. On the other hand, there should be strategies set to help the institution achieve its goals and objectives in the future. The success of the organization highly depends on the leadership that is implemented. First of all, the leader should take responsibility of all the activities taking place in the organization. They should all be monitored from time to time to ensure that all the employees handle their tasks properly. The leader should be answerable to anything that takes place. The conduct of the physicians under the leader is highly determined by the rules and regulations set. The good leadership should not entertain the misconduct of the workers as they will lead to the collapse of the organization or tarnishing its name. It is the duty of the leader to warn the individuals or else fire them if they do not change. On the other hand, lateness at work should not be condoned as it leads to delays in delivering the healthcare services to the people. The doctors should be active and respond immediately to the cases arising regarding the sick persons. It ensures the prevention of death or any adverse condition on the individual. All the persons working in the healthcare corporation should handle the tasks assigned as required to ensure the smooth running of the organization. The laxity in the various departments should not be tolerated as it will delay various processes (Hargreaves Fink, 2006). Secondly, they should involve the other staff members and employees in the decision making. It will ensure that the people air what they think about the issue at hand and give varying ways to handle it. The involvement of the other persons makes them feel as part of the organization and not neglected. As a good leader and for good sustainability the administration of the institution should involve the other parties. The many individuals together often come up with a great decision other than an individual making the decisions on his own. It also motivates the subordinates as they feel recognized and appreciated by the management. Through this, important decisions will be made that will ensure the success of the organization. On the other hand, the employees will work diligently to meet their targets and ensure the goals and objectives of the organization are met. The management of a particular corporation is not an easy task as everyone looks up to you for the progress of it. The fai lure of the institution is always blamed on the managing directors as they govern the corporation. It requires commitment and being able to deal with the arising challenges that crop up from time to time. The healthcare is often faced by various challenges such as lack of drugs and special equipment to diagnose diseases. The management should come up with strategies that will ensure they acquire the drugs and ensure that there is no shortage at all times. It will help treat the sick and also deliver quality services to the public (Hutcheson, 2007). Thirdly, the programs to help the sick in the society should be implemented so as to treat them as a sign of appreciation for the continued support. It will be a good move to help the community as many people are unable to access to the modern treatment due to the lack of funds. Most of them continue to rely on the traditional methods of curing diseases that are not effective. In addition to that, there are no protective measures undertaken by the persons administering the cure in the traditional way. It often leads to the contracting of the illnesses if it is contagious and that should be prevented. Moreover, while handling the wounds they do not ensure they disinfect it to kill the germs. It leads to the wound to increase adversely and hence causing more pain and damage to the body of the sick individual. To help transform this situation, the programs to help the sick in the society should be implemented. It will be a good sign of the sustainable leadership that will bring a great change to the way of carrying out things. The healthcare will be appreciated by the society as it will heal the sick and ensure the continuity of life. The traditional methods are sometimes risky if not handled well and many persons end up losing their life. The healthcare institution will be of great importance by saving the peoples lives and the community will highly appreciate. It will highly reduce the dependence on the traditional methods of curing the sick and help the people focus on the modern treatment that it is helpful and reliable (Soyka, 2012). Fourthly, the leader should ensure that the physicians that are employed in the healthcare organization are qualified and meet the required requirements. Moreover, they should prior experience in handling the sick or depending on their specializations. It will ensure that the sick are handled in the right way and the prescriptions administered as per the illness. There are doctors who are not highly qualified and they end up diagnosing the patients wrongly. It leads to various complications in the body of the individual as one takes the drugs that are not intended for the illness that one is suffering from. The cases have been experienced in various organizations and without the immediate attention the persons lose their lives. The institution ends up in danger of facing penalties for the mistake done by the doctor. Moreover, the surgeons should also meet the qualifications to help them perform surgery on the individuals using the correct procedure. It is a risky act and should be pe rformed with various safety measures to help preserve the life of the patient. There have been cases of the surgeons forgetting to pick up their tools on the body of the sick and that poses a great danger to the life of the person. To avoid any complications in the future the management should hire the highly qualified and experienced persons to handle the patients at the healthcare organization. Their work will be appreciated by the sick and also the management at large (Weiss Legrand, 2011). The fifth, there should be ways to motivate the physicians and other employees for their good work. It will increase their morale to continue to handle their tasks as required and also create a good picture of the organization. The leaders should introduce the monthly or salary increment to help the workers feel appreciated. Moreover, there should be gifts from time to time as a sign of appreciation for their good work. The measures will increase the productivity at the workplace and the workers will enjoy to work and meet their goals and those of the corporation. It will help transform the way things were being carried out previously. In addition to that, the management should plan the team building occasion to help the people come together and feel as one. It will help in the interaction of the employees and the managers. The workers will also feel recognized and not neglected by the management of the organization. It makes them feel worthy and continue to perform the tasks assigne d diligently. The leaders should make the employees feel free to interact with them and it will make them air the challenges they face. The motivation is highly important at the workplace as there will be no laxity and all the processes will run smoothly. It will be a great move to ensure that the employees perform their duties and also attend to the patients accordingly. The people require a favorable working place to undertake their duties as required with minimal interferences (Hargreaves et al, 2014). In addition to that, the sustainability leader should ensure that they improve the infrastructure at the healthcare organization. It will ensure that the appropriate facilities to cater for various illnesses and also the admission of the critically ill patients. There should be wards and various rooms to help cater for the sick through administering medication and admitting the sick. On the other hand, there should be modern equipment to help in the diagnosing the patients. It will help improve the accuracy of the results and help the physicians administer the right medication for a particular illness. The organization should budget for the funds that will help in the improving the infrastructure and also opening other branches for easy accessibility of the healthcare by the people from various locations. The branches will be of great help to the sick patients who live away from the main hospital. The easy access of the medical care will ensure the improvement of the health of the pe ople that is vital for the day to day basis. The good health ensures good productivity of the citizens and hence the stability in the economy of the state. Moreover, various individuals should be assigned the responsibilities of managing the opened branches to make the administration work easier. It will ensure that they operate smoothly and the management will have an easy way to handle all the operations. The involvement of other individuals in the process of governing the healthcare departments and branches will make things easier (Jones et al, 2015). Lastly, the sustainable leader should make sure that there is a good flow of communication in the organization. It is highly important to ensure that the information communicated from the management to the subordinates is not distorted. There are many persons who have a tendency of delivering the wrong information to the employees and hence leading to unwanted conflicts. The managers end up being blamed whereas it is not their mistake. To avoid these issues, there should be a forum to communicate the intended information such as the notice board, emails or meetings. The face to face meetings with the workers are the best as they get the first hand information from their leaders. Moreover, it ensures that the employees air their grievances and the management handles them. It makes the situation easy for the workers as they do not have to report to the supervisors who sometimes are reluctant to air their issues. The open meeting with the staff members and the employees ensures that all the persons in the organization are addressed on the progress of the institution. The managers give the directions on what to be done and the areas to be rectified to ensure a smooth running of the organization. The clear communication in a corporation is the best to be able to address all the issues that arise. Through this, the health care will be delivered to the patients appropriately. The employees will also feel comfortable to present their grievances to the management as there will be no dictatorship authority (Ehnert et al, 2014). The safety measures should also be implemented in the organization to ensure that there is minimum damage in case of fire outbreak or natural calamities. The fire alarms should be installed to help in communicating to the people when there is fire. Moreover, the smoke detectors should also be installed to help release the water to prevent the fire spread to other locations. This move will ensure the lives of the patients and that of the physicians is protected as there will be minimal damage. On the other hand, the buildings and other equipment will not face any fire harm and it will be easy to curb the fire. However, the cameras should be placed on various locations to help monitor the occurrences at the organization. It will help raise alarm in case there is any theft or any other urgent issue arising. They will also aid in gathering any evidence that may be required as all the activities taking place are recorded. The specialists in the technology will help in the installation of the equipment and carry out maintenance from time to time. The corporation should ensure that the working place is favorable and safe to work in so as to yield better outcomes. The leaders should put the safety of the employees and the patients the priority to prevent any fatal accidents (Mobley, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, the sustainability leaders ensure the transformation of various changes and implementing others that will help bring impact to the organization and public. The healthcare institution needs various changes and strategies to help it deliver quality medical care and services to the sick patients. It is the duty of the managers to govern the organization and handle their responsibilities accordingly for the success of the institution. References Carter, L., Ulrich, D., Goldsmith, M. (2005).Best practices in leadership development and organization change: How the best companies ensure meaningful change and sustainable leadership. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Ulrich, D., Smallwood, W. N. (2013).Leadership sustainability: Seven disciplines to achieve the changes great leaders know they must make. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Kurucz, E. C., Colbert, B. A., Wheeler, D. (2013).Reconstructing value: Leadership skills for a sustainable world. Toronto : University of Toronto Press Hargreaves, A., Fink, D. (2006).Sustainable leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hutcheson, G. (2007).Sustainable leadership at Canadian Business for Social Responsibility. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = BibliotheÃÅ'â‚ ¬que et Archives Canada. Soyka, P. A. (2012).Creating a sustainable organization: Approaches for enhancing corporate value through sustainability. Upper Saddle River, N.J: FT Press. Mobley, W. (2010).Advances in global leadership. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Weiss, D. S., Legrand, C. P. (2011).Innovative intelligence: The art and practice of leading sustainable innovation in your organization. Mississauga, Ont: John Wiley Sons Canada. Hargreaves, A., Boyle, A., Harris, A. (2014).Uplifting leadership: How organizations, teams, and communities raise performance.San Francisco : Jossey-Bass In Jones, S., In Graham, S., IGI Global,. (2015).Cases on sustainable human resources management in the Middle East and Asia. Hershey, Pennsylvania (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pa., 17033, USA) : IGI Global In Ehnert, I., In Harry, W., In Zink, K. J. (2014).Sustainability and human resource management: Developing sustainable business organizations. Berlin ; New York : Springer

The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem Essay Example

The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem Paper All Of the wildlife in the Everglades is totally dependent on the cycling Of water. One example of this dependence is the feeding relationship between the snail kite (an endangered bird species), and the apple snail (a freshwater mollusk the size of a golf ball) (Taller). The apple snails reproduce during the rainy season. When water levels are at their highest, they lay thousands of tiny pink eggs on the stalks of marsh grasses. As the water recedes, the snail kites fly all over the Everglades looking for them. Once they find them, they swoop down and use their specialized beaks to pluck the tender snails from heir shells. The water cycle and the lives of apple snails and snail kites are intertwined. Snail kites depend on the successful reproduction of apple snails, which is, in turn, affected by the amount of rainfall. Only recently have scientists been able to observe how close this relationship is. When humans drained large areas of the Everglades and converted them to agricultural lands, the population of apple snails decreased sharply. This had a dramatic effect on the snail kite population. In 2003, only 1 600 snail kites remained in Florida, the birds only U. S. Habitat (Smith). The relationship among humans, nail kites, and apple snails illustrates the delicate balance of nature in an ecosystem. When humans alter the water cycle, they directly affect the food chain. Alligators are animals that often come to mind when people think of the Everglades. The American alligator, once a highly endangered reptile, plays a critical role in the Everglades ecosystem, especially during the dry season (Alligator Holes). As winter approaches, water levels begin to drop. Alligators, which need an ample supply of water to survive, sense the changing of the season and begin to prepare for the dry months ahead. We will write a custom essay sample on The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Using their powerful snouts, tails, and legs, they make comfortable dens for themselves by slashing small plants, and muck out of the marsh. As it thrashes its body from side to side, it creates a small hole filled with water. Plant matter and mud piled up around the edges of the hole create dry ground on which other plants eventually grow. After many years, grass, trees, and other plants surround these gator holes like fences. Gator holes are important to other species as well. As the water becomes scarce during the dry season, many animals search for food and remaining pockets of water. The gator holes attract crayfish, frogs, turtles, fish, and other aquatic species, all seeking refuge in the deeper waters of the gator holes. Muskrats, otters, deer, and raccoons, as well as a wide variety of beautiful birds, such as ibises, egrets, and herons, visit these sanctuaries to feed on the small animals that can be found there. Because alligators and the watery hollows they make play such an important role in the Everglades ecosystem, they are considered to be a keystone species since many other species depend upon them for their survival. This has earned them the nickname keepers of the glades. Due to constantly changing water levels, ecosystems like the Everglades can be very unpredictable places. Since the 1 8005, people have tried to control the Everglades to prevent flooding (Blake). Large canals were built to send the water into the ocean and away from the Everglades. The land along the canals dried up and became more useful to people. Before so much Of the Everglades was drained, most of its water came from Lake Cheekbone, which sometimes overflowed along its southern edge. With an annual rainfall of nearly 60 inches (Everglades) and the overflow from the lake, a large area f the Everglades used to be wet for most of the year. But the lake was a source of major flooding to towns, especially during the rainy season. In the 1 sass, other flood control projects were started, including the construction of a dike along Lake Cheekbones southern rim. Because the water no longer overflowed from the lake; farmers and ranchers now had more dry land on which to live and work. More projects followed in the asses and asses. Today, about half of the original Everglades has been drained to create dry land for towns and farms and much of the region is crisscrossed by an elaborate system of canals, dikes, and levees. Blake) Water control efforts have benefited the residents of south Arid, but now nature no longer controls the flow of water into the Everglades; as a result, the natural balance of the ecosystem has been damaged. The draining of the Everglades has harmed many animals that depend on water for reproduction, such as snails, fish, and frogs. Because these creatures are at the bottom of many Everglades food chains, their diminishing numbers have had a rippling effect throughout the entire community. Like the snail kite, other bird species C such as the ibis, heron, and the endangered wood stork CO have suffered. In fact, scientists have estimated that some bird populations have dropped about 90 percent (Birds) over the past fifty years because of the low water levels. Now scientists are encouraging us to realize that a great number of plants and animals must survive to help maintain this delicate environment. Because the canals and dikes have helped to dry up the land, part of the original Everglades has become a rich agricultural area. Yet, productivity within this marsh has had a negative effect on its wildlife. In the asses and asses, bald eagles and pelicans in the Everglades were among the many birds heartened with extinction by the chemical EDT. (Scott) Farmers sprayed EDT on their crops to control insects. They didnt realize that from heavy rains was washing the poisonous chemical into the Everglades. Scientists discovered that EDT caused the shells of birds eggs to thin, resulting in the death of many young birds before hatching. The U. S. Government finally banned the use of EDT in 1972. Agricultural runoff disrupts the Everglades ecosystem in other ways too. Fertilizers, which contain plant nutrients, are washed from the sugarcane plantations a few miles north. These fertilizers cause an excessive growth Of algae. The algae can form large mats called algal blooms, which float on the surface of the water and results in transportation. The effects of transportation can be seen as far south as Florida Bay. As the algae die and decompose, they use up large amounts of oxygen in the water, which causes fish, crabs, shrimp, insects, and other aquatic species to suffocate in the oxygen-depleted water. With the drier conditions created by flood-control, brush fires began to sweep through the Everglades in the 1 sass and asses. These devastating blazes led environmentalists to pressure the government to establish the Everglades National park. (Park Establishment) Today, visitors can experience Florists diverse, rare, and beautiful wildlife in the Everglades National Park. Located in the southwestern portion of the marsh, this is one of the largest national parks in the United States. Each year, millions of tourists come to see the huge array of tropical wildlife, which includes nearly six hundred different types of animals, such as alligators, crocodiles, pelicans, snakes, and a multitude of insect species. The Everglades is the largest freshwater wetlands in the continental United States and one of the worlds great biological treasures. It is home to many species of endangered plants and animals. But it is also an ecosystem in trouble. Over the past century, about half of the original Everglades has been drained, filled, and converted for farmland and other development. Much of the nutrient-filled water that once flowed naturally through the Everglades has been artificially diverted to sugarcane plantations. As a result, the entire ecosystem has suffered. Damaged wetlands cannot provide suitable habitat for the plants and animals that depend on it for survival. In 1 983, the state of Florida, along with several environmental groups, munched the Save Our Everglades campaign to start looking at ways to preserve the troubled wetlands. The project had one clear goal: to make the Everglades look and function more like it did in 1900 than it did in 1983. Throughout the 1 sass, scientists worked on this plan. In 1 994, the Arid state legislature passed the Everglades Forever Act (Longboat), which authorized the Everglades Construction Project the largest effort ever attempted to restore an ecosystem. One of the projects in the Everglades restoration effort is the construction of 40,000 acres of artificial marshes (Diabetes). These marshes will serve as a protective barrier between the sugarcane plantations and the rest of the Everglades ecosystem. The artificial wetlands are essentially huge ponds surrounded by dirt and filled with lots of nutrient-loving plants. Scientists hope that the plants will clean the water by catching and filtering out pesticides, fertilizers, and other farm runoff before it reaches the Everglades. The clean water will then be redirected back into the marsh. Another project is to restore the Kismet River (Restoring a River). Before people began tinkering with the Everglades, the Kismet was a 102-mile meandering river that supplies most of the water to Lake Cheekbone. In 1961, engineers straightened the Kismet River to control flooding around Lake Cheekbone and to make room for farms. Most of the water in the river was then diverted into a 55-mile straight channel, officially named the C-38 canal. Scientists expect that once the river IS returned to its original path, the habitat for more than three hundred fish and wildlife species, including the endangered wood stork and snail kite, will be restored. A total of 24 endangered or threatened plant and animal species live in the Everglades ecosystem (Threatened Endangered Species) and most of these species face extinction due to habitat loss. One large Everglades mammal that faces extinction due to habitat loss is the Florida panther, a type of cougar. Two hundred years ago, cougars roamed freely from Alaska to South America; but today, due to habitat loss, the only cougar population east of the Mississippi River is the Florida panther. Despite widespread efforts to save the panther, fewer than fifty remain in the wild (Florida Panther). This makes it one of the most endangered animals in North America. If habitat loss can be halted, biologists hope that the panther population will increase.

A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) Essays

A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) Essays A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) Paper A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) Paper A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HU) BY datsY27101989 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY OF STUDY PROJECT REPORT TITLE: A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HOI) Date of submission: 16/05/2013 Name: VO THI KIM COC Supervisors Name: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Hung Tien Tutors Name : Le Huong Hoa, M. A l certify that this work is entirely my own and has not been accepted as part of a submission to another purpose elsewhere. Signed: Word length: words ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study has been completed with the help and support of many people. Therefore, I am grateful to all of them. Most importantly, I wish to give my special acknowledgement to Mr. Le Hung Tien, my supervisor, who has made a significant contribution to the success of this research. He shaped me on the path toward being an independent researcher. I also would like to give my thanks for Ms. Le Huong Hoa, my tutor. Dear Ms. Hoa, thank you for your initial ideas of the research topic and your support during the time I was conducting the research. You have invested a lot of energy and valuable time counseling and correcting my study. Without your help and support, I would have been in much trouble completing my study. Working with you, I have learned a lot of valuable knowledge and experiences in doing research. Besides, I would like to Mrs. Dinh Thi Hoa, lecturer of Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry, who gave me advice on my study. Her advice and guidance helped me overcome difficulties while I was implementing the research. No acknowledgement would be completed without thanking my parents who always nspired me so much in finishing this research. I also want to give acknowledgement to my friends who spent their time to help me analyze my paper and provide insightful comments. TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPERVISORS REMARKS Grade: Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Hung Tien ABSTRACT The research carried out under the title A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The obstacles in teaching and learning speaking skill are surveyed in some selected classes and observed by the researcher. Interviews are also organized o get supplementary results for the questionnaires. All the quantitative and qualitative methods are conveyed to get data for the research. As the result, teachers and students have different difficulties in teaching and learning speaking skill. In classes, the teachers surveyed meet difficulties with the large size of classes, studentslow motivation, studentsinsuffcient English competence, and so on while students meet obstacles such as difficult lessons, teachers unsuitable teaching methods, and the worries of making mistakes. In summary, all the difficulties originate from objective and subjective reasons. The rationale of the study: Nowadays, English plays an important role in the society. The number of people English speaking is becoming popularly. Speaking skill is one of the inevitable skills in learning English. Penny Ur (1996:120) noted, Speaking seems intuitively the most important in four basic skills. In fact, through speaking, people can express their opinions, make social contact with others people, establish rapport. In some situation, we use English speaking to give instructions or to get things done. That is also a reason why today more and more people learn to speak English. Most of the learners of English agree that the ability to express themselves freely in communication is the great importance for their future career, especially in modern societies where contacting with foreigners often occurs. However, there still exist many difficulties in learning and teaching English in Vietnam in general and at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HOI) in particular. Many Vietnamese learners can write and read English quite well but they cannot speak it correctly and fluently in real-life communication. Surely, there are many reasons for this reality. After teaching the non-English major tudents especially freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry for some years, I have recognized some big obstacles which prevent English language teachers and learners in Vietnam from achieving their aims. These obstacles are: large and heterogeneous classes, students low level of English language proficiency, students low motivation and some others. Unfortunately, this is not only the situation in these universities but also the case for many other colleges and universities in Vietnam. This has given me the desire to conduct A study on the difficulties in teaching and of Industry 2. Aims of the study: The research investigates the reality of teaching and learning English speaking skill to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The main goal of the research is to identify the difficulties of teacher and students when they deal with speaking skill. 3. Research questions of the study: 1 . What are the difficulties of teacher at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when teaching English speaking to non-English major freshmen? 2. What are the difficulties of non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when learning the English speaking? 4. The scope of the study: Teaching and learning the English speaking skill is a wide field for research. In the scope of this study due to the limited time and knowledge, the study focuses on difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to the first-year students of non-English major at HI-Jl. 5. Methods of the study: To fullflll the above aims, the investigator has chosen both qualitative and quantitative methods for the study. Data for analysis are gained through the following sources: Survey questionnaires: this method is used to find out the difficulties the teacher and first-year students of non-English major at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when they learn and teach English speaking. The questionnaires are useful for getting data of the attitudes and behaviors of the teachers and learners when facing these difficulties. It is very convenient for the significant in getting more qualitative data by getting closer to the objects of the study. Moreover, observation done by the researcher is leading to more objective data and open new perspective of the study. 6. Design of the study: This minor study consists of two parts: Part A- INTRODUCTION: states the rationale, aims, research questions, the scope, ethod and design of the study. Part B- DEVELOPMENT: includes three chapters: Chapter I -LITERATURE REVIEW: provides theoretical background that is relevant to the purpose of the study. Chapter II -METHODOLOGY: presents the methodology of the study including the research context, methods of study, research design. Chapter Ill -FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: deals with the data analysis of two questionnaires designed for English teachers and non-English major freshmen to find out their difficulties in teaching and learning speaking skill. PART S: DEVELOPMENT 1. 1. Speaking Skill: 1. 1. 1 . Concepts of Speaking: Speaking is the productive, oral skill. Speaking consists of producing systematic verbal utterances to convey meaning (utterances are simply things people say). According to Carter David Nunans book (2001 :19), speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information and it is often spontaneous, open-ended and evolving, but it is not completely unpredictable. Speaking is fundamental to human communication. Different linguistics has different concepts of speaking but they are all agreeing with this idea. Brown also defines in her book speaking as an process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information, (1994:241). In Brown and Yules opinions in teaching the Spoken Language book (1983:236), spoken language consists of short, fragmentary utterances in a range of pronunciation. Usually, there is a great deal of repetition and overlap between one speaker and another. Speaker usually uses non-specific references. They also add that spoken language is made by using the loosely organized syntax, and non-specific words, phrases and filters such as Oh, well, uhuh, etc. A comprehensive discussion of the nature of speaking is provided by Bygate (1991 59), who shows that in order to be able to speak a foreign language, it is obviously necessary to have micro-linguistic skills, that is, to understand some grammar, vocabulary and the rules governing how words are put together to form sentences. However, these motor-perceptive skills, as Bygate calls them, are not sufficient since while producing sentences, we often have to adapt them to the circumstances. He then presents the second set of speaking skills: the interaction skills, which involve using knowledge and basic motor- erception skills in deciding what to say and how to say it, while maintaining the intended relation with others. 1. 1. 2. The Role and Status of Speaking in Language Learning and Teaching: As it was implied in the introduction, the skill of speaking has been recently considered by many methodologists a priority in language teaching. Of all the four skills, Ur (1996: 120) concludes, speaking seems intuitively the most important. Most language learners, she adds, are primarily interested in learning to speak. Similar view is held by Nunan, who says that the ability to operate in a second anguage can be actually equated to the ability to speak that language. Hedge (2000:258) gives the evidence that speaking has recently obtained, at least from textbook writers, the attention it deserves: Learners need to develop at the same time the knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, functional language and communicative skills. Attention to the systems of language is crucial, but the development of fluency and contextual appropriate are equally important goals. The reasons for learning to speak competently are formulated as follows: Learners may need the skill to establish nd maintain relationships, to negotiate, to influence people. Speaking is the skill by which learners are assessed when the first impression is formed in Hedges book (2000: 261). 1. 2. Difficulties in Teaching and Learning to Speak English Skill: 1. 2. 1 . Difficulties from Teacher: There is no learning without teaching. So as a tool of implementing teaching plans learning. Quite a few researches have discussed the relationship between teacher talk and language learning. As Nunan (1991:203) points out: Teacher talk is of crucial importance, not only for the organization of the classroom but also for the processes f acquisition. It is important for the organization and management of the classroom because it is through language that teachers either succeed or fail in implementing their teaching plans. In terms of acquisition, teacher talk is important because it is probably the major source of comprehensible target language input the learner is likely to receive. The amount and type of teacher talk is even regarded as a decisive factor of success or failure in classroom teaching. Moreover, to make the process of teaching and learning effective, it is very essential to build a friendly, non-threatening lassroom atmosphere which is created on the basis of a close teacher-learner relationship. Therefore, inappropriate teacher pedagogical practices through not only classroom teacher talk but also classroom teacher-learner relationship have also been seen as a major contributor to the difficulties in teaching speaking skill. 1. 2. 2. Difficulties from Students: In speaking class, besides the active learners, some learners feel shy or afraid to speak or express their ideas, especially when students are being asked to give personal information or opinions. Maybe students fear to lose face in front of their lassmates. Referring to this problem, David Nunan noted in his book (1999:231), In the recent informal survey that I carried out with colleagues, reluctance to speak on the part of student was seen as their biggest challenge. In the speaking activities, pronunciation plays an important role; it is the way for students to produce clearer language when they speak. If they pronounce wrong, no one can understand what they want to say. Howatt talked about this problem in Ronald Carter and David Nunans book (2001: 14), it was essential that the learners pronunciation should be orrect before moving on to texts. Besides that, the local accent is also another reason so that they need to practice the right pronunciation. They must follow a standard accent to pronounce exactly. Another aspect of speaking that is particularly relevant for second language speakers concerns whether or not the speaking is planned or spontaneous (David Nunan, 2001:227). With speaking performance, students often have mistakes on grammatical points such as word using, tense and sentence structure because there are differences on structure, tenses, and word order between English and Vietnamese. Thus, to speak a language, one must know how the language is used in a social context Richards Renandya (2002:206). Being influenced by the mother tongue, learners sometime cannot use word appropriately and speak English like native speakers because each language has its own rules of usage. That is the main reason preventing students ability of English speaking. There are some situations happening in classroom. Teachers give students a topic to speak, but they cannot present the topic. The reason for this problem is that students do not have enough knowledge, vocabulary or they are not major in this topic. When students do not have idea to express the topic, it can be easy for students to feel boring in speaking class. Therefore, in order to improve the speaking skill, students not only understand the basic knowledge involving in many different fields but also have a large knowledge of vocabulary. As Canale and Swain proposed, competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence, which reflect the use of the linguistic system and the functional aspects of communication, respectively, Richards and Renandyas book (2002:206). CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2. 1 . Method context: . 1. 1 . Description of the English course for non-English major freshmen and its objectives at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry: The study is conducted at Ho Chi Minh university of Industry. They must spend the first two years learning Basic English. They learn integrated skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) in a 12 credit course in three semesters. Students learn the textbooks American Headway 1B, American Headway 2A, American Headway 2B. The aim of this course for non-English major freshmen is to develop students communicative competence in English. After he course, students are expected to communicate in English at the intermediate level. Students will normally learn English to communicate with other people fluently after finishing their study at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. . 1. 2. Description of the non-English major freshmen at HOI: Most of non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry must learn English from the first semester (at the beginning of the first year) to the second or third semester (at the end of the first year). They start at different levels of English and learn different majors such as Electrical, Electronic, Mechanical, Chemical Engineering, Environment, Information T echnology, Business Administration, Finance and Banking. Students who have a certain competence of English forget a part what they learned after the long time they prepared for the university entrance examination. 2. 1. 3. Description of the English teachers at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry: Most of English teachers teach English for non-English major students are from Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. Most of them graduated from some institutions r universities of training teachers of English such as Ho Chi Minh University of Pedagogy, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, or other universities in Australia, Canada and English. The qualification status of teaching contingent is that of the teachers are enthusiastic and active in teaching. The frequent meeting or discussions on how to improve the teaching and learning quality are held to get new ideas about changing teaching and learning methods as well as adapting materials appropriate to students. 2. 2. Methods of study: The study employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This is, according to WisJer. G (2001 :138) a common approach. Questionnaires are used as a kind of quantitative method of study to collect information from teachers and students. The questionnaires include both closed and open-ended questions which give teachers and students chance to express their opinions on the difficulties of teaching and learning English speaking skill. Besides that, interviews and group observation are used to get quantitative data for the study. Their in-dept thinking noted during the interview will help the researcher have more sights looks into the study issue. Moreover, observations give a condition for the researcher to check whether the teachers and students do what they say in the lessons. . 3. Research design: 2. 3. 1 . Sample and sampling: The data of the study is collected from two main sources: survey questionnaires and interviews. The survey questionnaire is conducted among 1 5 teachers who have from 3 to 10 years in teaching English to non-English major students at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The questionnaires for non-English major students are delivered to 150 students learning in three groups. They are first-year students who re taking part in a second semester of their English course. 2. 3. 2. Research Instruments: The data for the study comes from both a quantitative method called survey questionnaires, and two qualitative methods mainly interview and group observation. 2. 3. 3. Data analysis: Data analysis is not only the process of reading out the data collected but the process of interpreting data under the viewpoint and experience of the researcher. The analysis will bring a lot of suppositions in the research question into light. These results will be presented in forms of tables and chart that help to compare different iewpoints of teachers and students on the research problems. CHAPTER Ill: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This part will deal with the data analysis of two questionnaires designed for English teachers and non-English major freshmen to find out their difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking skill. BOOKS: 1 . Brown, H. D. (1994). Teaching by Principles: an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Prentice Hall. 2. Brown, G. Yule, G. (1983). Teaching the Spoken Language. Cambridge University Press. 3. Bygate. (1987). Speaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. David Nunan. 1999). Second Language Teaching Learning. Heinle Heinle Publishers. 5. Jack C. Richards and Willy A. Renandya. (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 6. Ronald Carter David Nunan (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages. Cambridge University Press. 7. Tricia Hedge. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford University Press. 8. Ur, P. (1996). A Course in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 9. Wisker, G. (2001), The Postgraduate Research Handbook, Palgrave Study Guides